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The Summer of 1787: The Men Who Invented the Constitution (The Simon & Schuster America Collection)

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Review

"Crafting the Constitution was one of the most amazing collaborations in human history. David O. Stewart's book is both a gripping narrative on how it was done and a useful guide to how we should regard that wonderful document today." (Walter Isaacson, author of Benjamin Franklin and Einstein)"David O. Stewart's spirited The Summer of 1787 explores a time when brilliant men -- along with colleagues less acute but often louder -- hammered out the template for the United States of America. With indelible vignettes and anecdotes, Stewart reminds us why those four months in Philadelphia can still shake the world." (A.J. Langguth, author of Union 1812: The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence)"David O. Stewart made clearer to me than ever the tensions and bargains that produced our Constitution at the Convention of 1787. Especially the bargain over slavery, with all its terrible, lasting consequences. It is an irresistible drama." (Anthony Lewis, author of Gideon's Trumpet)"In this engaging story of the momentous but little-understood summer that gave us the Constitution, David O. Stewart deftly reminds us what a close-run thing America was -- and still is. Stewart's is an important work, written with insight and verve." (Jon Meacham, author of American Gospel: God, the Founding Fathers, and the Making of a Nation)"At a time that feels to many like the twilight of the Republic, it is heartening to go back to the dawn and watch the authors of the Constitution struggle to create a democracy that would endure. In The Summer of 1787, David O. Stewart re-creates this moment with fidelity, great feeling, and insight. His book renews our appreciation of one of the masterpieces of Western civilization and reminds us, as Benjamin Franklin reminded his colleagues at the Constitutional Convention, that it was one thing to found a republic -- and quite another to keep it." (Patricia O'Toole, author of When Trumpets Call: Theodore Roosevelt After the White House and The Five of Hearts: An Intimate Portrait of Henry Adams and His Friends)"The summer of 1787 may be more than two centuries in our past, but David O. Stewart makes it wonderfully vivid in this fresh and gripping account of America's constitutional birth pangs. Instead of periwigged demigods, Stewart introduces us to fifty-five white males, whose talent for compromise planted the seeds of representative democracy in their garden of privilege. This tale offers the perfect antidote to our own sound-bite and focus-group politics." (Richard Norton Smith, author of Patriarch: George Washington and the New American Nation)

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About the Author

David O. Stewart is an award-winning author and the president of the Washington Independent Review of Books. He is the author of several acclaimed histories, including Madison’s Gift: Five Partnerships That Built America; The Summer of 1787: The Men Who Invented the Constitution; Impeached: The Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln’s Legacy; and American Emperor: Aaron Burr’s Challenge to Jefferson’s America. Stewart’s first novel is The Lincoln Deception.

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Product details

Series: The Simon & Schuster America Collection

Paperback: 368 pages

Publisher: Simon & Schuster; Reprint edition (May 20, 2008)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0743286936

ISBN-13: 978-0743286930

Product Dimensions:

6.1 x 1 x 9.2 inches

Shipping Weight: 13.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.6 out of 5 stars

134 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#269,097 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

This book tells the story of the intrigue, the maneuvering and the compromises that took place in the summer of 1787 resulting in the Constitution: the flawed but enduring document that would define the nation—then and now.The book reads like a novel. I especially enjoyed the portraits that the author drew of the giants of the era; George Washington, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin. However, lesser known , but equally important figures such as Wilson, Sherman and Rutledge are also presented. The narrative takes the reader inside the Philadelphia Convention as the delegates hammered out the charter for the world’s first constitutional democracy. The author explains the conflicts and hard bargaining, the passions and contradictions of the process of writing the Constitution.It was a desperate balancing act that required extensive compromises, a fact that appears to be forgotten in today's highly polarized political climate. The requirement that the people have power, needed to be balanced with the order that a stronger central government could provide. The protection of minority rights, the balancing between central and state governments and of course, the disposition of slavery were all issues that were grappled with by the delegates.All this is brought to life through the prose of a masterful author, presented with balance, context and perspective. The result is a highly informative and thoughtful book.

This book is very well researched and very well written. The author neither glorifies the framers nor disparages them. Rather, he mostly lets the facts speak for themselves. Among those facts were the compromises over slavery, including the three-fifths compromise in which a slave (who could not vote) was to be counted as three-fifths of a white person for purposes of apportioning the numbers of Representatives allotted to each state in the House of Representatives. The effects of the three-fifths clause also carried over into the election of the President, since the number of electors for each state in the electoral college was based on the total number of that state's Representatives and Senators. Indeed, one of the reasons for the electoral college was that it would incorporate the three-fifths ratio. A direct popular vote for president, which was supported by James Wilson, James Madison, and a few other delegates, would not have given the South that extra boost in selecting the president.David O. Stewart observes that some sort of compromise over slavery was necessary if a union of all the states was to be formed. However, in the last chapter of his book (pages 261-62), Stewart delineates some of the historical consequences of the compromises embedded in the original Constitution:"Most obviously, preservation of the slave trade meant the continued importation of many thousands of Africans in chains. The Fugitive Slave Clause gave slave owners a critical tool for enforcing their dominion over the people they held in bondage."Though less obvious in its impact, the three-fifths ratio rankled for decades. By granting additional representation based on slaves, that clause enhanced southern power, as reflected in many measures:"• Ten of the first fifteen presidents were slave owners."• John Adams would have won a second term as president but for twelve electoral votes cast for Jefferson (and Burr) that represented southern slaves (counted at three-fifths of their real number)."• For twenty-seven of the nation’s first thirty-five years, southerners sat as Speaker of the House of Representatives."• Nineteen of the first thirty-four Supreme Court justices were slaveholders."Because of the three-fifths ratio, Virginia in the 1790s had six more congressmen than did Pennsylvania even though both states had roughly the same number of free inhabitants. The three-fifths ratio gave slave states fourteen extra seats in the House in 1793, twenty-seven additional seats in 1812, and twenty-five added seats in 1833."Those extra votes meant that when crises erupted over slavery in 1820, in 1850, and in 1856, slave owners in positions of power ensured that the political system did not challenge human bondage. House seats created by the three-fifths rule allowed Missouri to be admitted as a slave state in 1820, and ensured enactment of the 1840 gag rule that choked off antislavery petitions to Congress."Stewart explains that "[h]istorians disagree over the terrible bargains that the Convention struck over slavery. Some insist that the delegates did the best they could under the circumstances." However, "[o]thers counter that the northern delegates caved in too easily to implausible southern threats to abandon the Union." Specifically, Georgia and South Carolina, the states that most demanded concessions to slavery, probably could not have survived outside the union as result of their respective dire circumstances. The author concludes that "[f]or all they have been celebrated, the delegates bear responsibility for having entrenched slavery ever deeper, for not even beginning to express disapproval of it." Ibid., 262-63.But Stewart is careful in his examination of the history of the Constitutional Convention. He observes, in more than one place, that the New England states, which benefited economically from the slave trade due to their shipping interests, were more than willing to accommodate Georgia and South Carolina on slavery. Strangely, it was James Madison and George Mason, both slaveholding Virginians, who had the most compunctions about slavery. Although Thomas Jefferson, another slaveholding Virginian, was also on record against this practice, he did not attend the Convention because he was representing the United States in Paris at the time. But although Madison, Mason, and Jefferson were conflicted about slavery, they never (with a few exceptions) actually freed their own slaves. That was the legacy of another Virginian, George Washington, whose Will contained provisions that led to the emancipation of his slaves within two years after his death. Washington was the presiding officer of the Convention. Although he spoke little, he was respected by virtually all of the other delegates.I strongly recommend this book.

I first read this book in 2008 and then gave it to a person who became an American Citizen a year later. Reason is that this is an EXCELLENT book for an American Citizen to learn about the background of the US Constitution. Mr. Stewart tells us the history behind the US Constitution and its framers; each of the men who were in Philadelphia from May to September 1787. I purchased another copy to remind myself the importance of this document and the struggles endured to come up with a final product. In reading you will discover why the United States Constitution is worthy to support and defend as I did in the Army for 30 years.

I love it when a really intelligent historian turns one of those events complete with dates and lists of names that were sometimes bound to appear on a test into REAL PEOPLE, hot with passions, full of fear, doubts, stubborness, greed, etc. I find the birth of that miraculous document that is the Constitutuon is one of the grand moments of history. This book does turn those leaders into people we can understand and helps us understand how wonderful and stunning it is that we have that document. We all need to refresh our understanding of the circumstances that resulted in our Constitution; it may need our protection more than ever in the next 4 years.

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